稿件质量与要求
来稿应能反映相关学术领域的最新进展与水准。稿件需遵循科学性、先进性、实用性和原创性原则，要求主题突出，论点明确，论据充分，数据可靠，逻辑清晰，题文相符，文字简洁。
作者需确保投稿文章的版权独立，无学术不端行为（如抄袭、篡改等），作者署名及排序无争议，文责自负。请勿一稿多投。
稿件结构与格式规范
论文应包括以下四个部分：

1. 第一部分 (中文信息)：中文标题、作者姓名、作者单位（含所在省、市及邮编）、中文摘要、中文关键词。

2. 第二部分 (英文信息)：英文标题、作者姓名（拼音）、作者单位（英文）、所在省、市及邮编（英文）、英文摘要、英文关键词。

3. 第三部分：正文。

4. 第四部分：参考文献、基金项目信息、作者简介。

各部分详细要求如下：
一、 文章标题
中文标题应简明扼要，能准确概括文章核心内容，建议控制在20字以内。
二、 摘要

1. 须提供中英文摘要，中文摘要在前。

2. 中文摘要以300字左右为宜，应包含研究目的、方法、主要结果与结论。

3. 英文摘要内容须与中文摘要完全对应。

三、 关键词

1. 提供3-5个关键词，置于摘要之后。

2. 中文关键词：以“关键词：”起头（位于“摘要”下一行，空两格），关键词之间用分号分隔。

3. 英文关键词：以“Key words:”起头（Times New Roman字体），关键词之间用分号分隔，最后一个关键词后不加标点。

四、 正文标题层级
正文标题层次应清晰，限用三级：

• 一级标题：使用 1、2、3……

• 二级标题：使用 1.1、1.2、1.3……

• 三级标题：使用 1.1.1、1.1.2、1.1.3……

五、 统计学表达规范

1. 请使用法定计量单位、规范化的名词术语和标准符号。

2. 常用统计学符号规定如下：

   • 总体本量：N

   • 分组样本量：n

   • 平均数：M

   • 标准差：SD

   • t 检验：t

   • F 检验：F

   • 卡方检验：χ²

   • 相关系数：r

   • 显著性水平：p

3. 希腊字母（如 α, β, η²）、上标/下标数字及文字不使用斜体。

4. 统计值通常保留小数点后两位有效数字（显著性 p 值可保留3位，特殊情况按需保留）。

5. 报告推论统计结果（如 t 检验、F 检验、χ² 检验）时，须注明自由度及/或样本量。

6. 除图表中可作标注外，正文中报告 p 值时，大于 0.001 的 p 值需报告精确值（例如 p = 0.023），仅当 p < 0.001 时方可如此表述。避免使用 p < 0.05 或 p < 0.01 的笼统表述。

7. 请注意减号/负号应使用半字线“–”，而非连字符“-”。

六、 表格

1. 采用三线表。

2. 通常将自变量作为列，因变量作为行。

3. 每一列均需有明确的栏目名称，用以概括该列内容。

七、 插图与照片

1. 所有插图与照片须清晰可辨，分辨率足够。

2. 图中文字建议使用六号宋体。

3. 照片应对比度适中、层次分明。

八、 参考文献
参考文献须著录准确，格式规范。示例如下：

• 专著： 作者. (出版年份). 书名. 出版地: 出版社.

• 期刊文章： 作者. (出版年份). 文章标题. 期刊名, 卷号(期号), 起止页码.

• 网络资源： 作者. (发布年月日). 文章标题. 网站名. 检索日期，取自URL
  具体格式请根据本刊最新要求或通用学术规范进行编排。

九、 作者简介
请在文末提供第一作者（或通讯作者）简介，格式示例如下：
李四 (1955.05—)，男，汉族，广东广州人，北京大学经济学院教授，博士生导师，经济学博士，研究方向：经济教育学。Email: 010beida@163.com

Manuscript Quality and Requirements
Submissions should reflect the latest advancements and standards in the relevant academic field. Manuscripts must adhere to the principles of scientific rigor, innovation, practicality, and originality. They should feature a clear focus, well-defined arguments, sufficient supporting evidence, reliable data, logical coherence, consistency between title and content, and concise language.
Authors must ensure the submitted work is independent in terms of copyright, free from academic misconduct (such as plagiarism, data fabrication), with undisputed authorship and order of authors. Authors bear full responsibility for their content. Multiple submissions are prohibited.
Manuscript Structure and Formatting Specifications
The paper should consist of the following four parts:

1. Part 1 (Chinese Information): Chinese title, author name(s), author affiliation(s) (including province, city, and postal code), Chinese abstract, Chinese keywords.

2. Part 2 (English Information): English title, author name(s) (in pinyin), author affiliation(s) (in English), province, city & postal code (in English), English abstract, English keywords.

3. Part 3: Main text.

4. Part 4: References, funding information, author biography.

Detailed requirements for each part are as follows:
1. Title
The Chinese title should be concise and accurately reflect the core content of the article, preferably within 20 characters.
2. Abstract

1. Both Chinese and English abstracts are required, with the Chinese abstract appearing first.

2. The Chinese abstract should be approximately 300 characters, encompassing the research purpose, methodology, key results, and conclusions.

3. The English abstract must correspond precisely to the Chinese abstract in content.

3. Keywords

1. Provide 3-5 keywords, placed after the abstract.

2. Chinese Keywords: Begin with "关键词：" (on a new line after the abstract, indented by two spaces). Separate keywords with semicolons.

3. English Keywords: Begin with "Key words:" (Times New Roman font). Separate keywords with semicolons. No punctuation follows the last keyword.

4. Heading Hierarchy in Main Text
Headings within the main text should be clearly structured, limited to three levels:

• Level 1: Use 1, 2, 3…

• Level 2: Use 1.1, 1.2, 1.3…

• Level 3: Use 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3…

5. Statistical Reporting Standards

1. Use legal units of measurement, standardized terminology, and conventional symbols.

2. Standard statistical symbols are defined as follows:

   • Total sample size: N

   • Group sample size: n

   • Mean: M

   • Standard Deviation: SD

   • t-test: t

   • F-test: F

   • Chi-square test: χ²

   • Correlation coefficient: r

   • Significance level: p

3. Greek letters (e.g., α, β, η²), superscript/subscript numbers and text should not be italicized.

4. Statistical values generally retain two decimal places (significance p-values may retain three; more can be retained if specifically required).

5. When reporting inferential statistics (e.g., t, F, χ² tests), degrees of freedom and/or sample sizes must be provided.

6. Except in figures/tables, when reporting p-values in the text, precise values should be given for p > 0.001 (e.g., p = 0.023). The notation p < 0.001 should be used only when applicable. Avoid non-specific notations like p < 0.05 or p < 0.01.

7. Note: Use an en dash “–” for minus/negative signs, not a hyphen “-”.

6. Tables

1. Use three-line tables.

2. Typically, place independent variables as columns and dependent variables as rows.

3. Each column must have a clear column heading that summarizes its content.

7. Figures and Photographs

1. All figures and photographs must be clear and legible, with sufficient resolution.

2. Text within figures is recommended to be in 6pt Song typeface.

3. Photographs should have appropriate contrast and clear gradation.

8. References
References must be accurate and formatted consistently. Examples:

• Book: Author(s). (Year). Title. Location: Publisher.

• Journal Article: Author(s). (Year). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page range.

• Online Resource: Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Article title. Website Name. Retrieved date, from URL
  Please format references according to the journal's latest guidelines or common academic standards.

9. Author Biography
Please provide a biography for the first author (or corresponding author) at the end of the manuscript. Example format:
Li Si (born May 1955), male, Han ethnicity, native of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Economics, Peking University. Ph.D. in Economics. Research interests: Economics of Education. Email: 010beida@163.com